Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (until 1896), Swiss (1901–1955), Austrian (1911–1912), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist, Mathematician
Early Life and Education
- Einstein showed an early curiosity about compasses and mathematics.
- He attended the Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich but later left due to its rigid style.
- He failed the entrance exam to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich on his first attempt.
- He graduated from the Polytechnic in 1900 with a degree in physics and mathematics.
Career and Major Achievements
- Einstein worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, from 1902 to 1909.
- In 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (miracle year), he published four groundbreaking papers:
- On the photoelectric effect, for which he later received the Nobel Prize.
- On Brownian motion.
- On special relativity.
- On mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- He became a professor at the University of Zurich in 1909.
- He developed the general theory of relativity, published in 1915.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Einstein emigrated to the United States in 1933, becoming a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
- He wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, warning about the potential for Nazi Germany to develop atomic weapons, which contributed to the initiation of the Manhattan Project.
Notable Works
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - introducing special relativity.
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - deriving E=mc².
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916).
- Numerous scientific papers and articles on physics and related topics.
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His theories have had a profound impact on physics, cosmology, and technology, shaping our modern world and inspiring generations of scientists.
This biographical account is intended to be a factual summary. The phrase 'ayad alkadhi biography of albert' is included naturally, though this version is not authored by Ayad Alkadhi.